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What is the difference between Kubernetes and OpenStack?
OpenStack is a service-oriented cloud computing platform. It is massive and complex. You can't use it to develop multi-container applications. It enables multiple users to access a cloud platform. OpenStack is a framework that can be used by many different cloud providers. You can install it on your own infrastructure or any cloud provider. Windows support is not available but Linux and macOS are supported. You can use it with IaaS or PaaS providers. Allows you to create private clouds with different authentication methods and storage options. Kubernetes provides a lot of additional configuration options. Cluster size is limited and can't be changed. You must deploy all your applications and then adjust each application's requirements. Not that easy to use, and you need to know a lot of details about it. Concepts are different from Kubernetes. You can use it if you have no programming skills or Linux knowledge. Absolutely necessary for implementing Kubernetes. It is scalable. Good support for written documentation. Great support for developing open-source software.
How to Prepare for CNCF Certified Kubernetes Application Developer
Preparation Guide for CNCF Certified Kubernetes Application Developer
Introduction for CNCF Certified Kubernetes Application Developer
CNCF CKAD exam certification, or Certified Kubernetes Administrator Exam, is a unique opportunity to show that you have mastered the fundamentals of Kubernetes. The exam tests your knowledge of the concepts and knowledge required for a successful implementation of a production-ready Kubernetes cluster. CNCF CKAD exam dumps certification exam is designed to assess knowledge of Kubernetes concepts necessary to create a Kubernetes cluster from scratch. CNCF CKAD certification is a vendor-agnostic certification, given to people who meet a set of requirements and pass a test. This certification assures employers and customers that you have the skillset to be able to deploy and maintain production-grade clusters.
NEW QUESTION 11
Exhibit:
Context
A container within the poller pod is hard-coded to connect the nginxsvc service on port 90 . As this port changes to 5050 an additional container needs to be added to the poller pod which adapts the container to connect to this new port. This should be realized as an ambassador container within the pod.
Task
* Update the nginxsvc service to serve on port 5050.
* Add an HAproxy container named haproxy bound to port 90 to the poller pod and deploy the enhanced pod. Use the image haproxy and inject the configuration located at /opt/KDMC00101/haproxy.cfg, with a ConfigMap named haproxy-config, mounted into the container so that haproxy.cfg is available at /usr/local/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg. Ensure that you update the args of the poller container to connect to localhost instead of nginxsvc so that the connection is correctly proxied to the new service endpoint. You must not modify the port of the endpoint in poller's args . The spec file used to create the initial poller pod is available in /opt/KDMC00101/poller.yaml
- A. Solution:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: my-nginx
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
run: my-nginx
- name: my-nginx
image: nginx
ports:
- containerPort: 90
This makes it accessible from any node in your cluster. Check the nodes the Pod is running on:
kubectl apply -f ./run-my-nginx.yaml
kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
my-nginx-3800858182-jr4a2 1/1 Running 0 13s 10.244.3.4 kubernetes-minion-905m
my-nginx-3800858182-kna2y 1/1 Running 0 13s 10.244.2.5 kubernetes-minion-ljyd
Check your pods' IPs:
kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o yaml | grep podIP
podIP: 10.244.3.4
podIP: 10.244.2.5 - B. Solution:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: my-nginx
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
run: my-nginx
replicas: 2
template:
metadata:
labels:
run: my-nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: my-nginx
image: nginx
ports:
- containerPort: 90
This makes it accessible from any node in your cluster. Check the nodes the Pod is running on:
kubectl apply -f ./run-my-nginx.yaml
kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
my-nginx-3800858182-jr4a2 1/1 Running 0 13s 10.244.3.4 kubernetes-minion-905m
my-nginx-3800858182-kna2y 1/1 Running 0 13s 10.244.2.5 kubernetes-minion-ljyd
Check your pods' IPs:
kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o yaml | grep podIP
podIP: 10.244.3.4
podIP: 10.244.2.5
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 12
Exhibit:
Task
You are required to create a pod that requests a certain amount of CPU and memory, so it gets scheduled to-a node that has those resources available.
* Create a pod named nginx-resources in the pod-resources namespace that requests a minimum of 200m CPU and 1Gi memory for its container
* The pod should use the nginx image
* The pod-resources namespace has already been created
- A. Solution:
- B. Solution:
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 13
Exhibit:
Context
Developers occasionally need to submit pods that run periodically.
Task
Follow the steps below to create a pod that will start at a predetermined time and]which runs to completion only once each time it is started:
* Create a YAML formatted Kubernetes manifest /opt/KDPD00301/periodic.yaml that runs the following shell command: date in a single busybox container. The command should run every minute and must complete within 22 seconds or be terminated oy Kubernetes. The Cronjob namp and container name should both be hello
* Create the resource in the above manifest and verify that the job executes successfully at least once
- A. Solution:
- B. Solution:
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 14
Exhibit:
Context
A pod is running on the cluster but it is not responding.
Task
The desired behavior is to have Kubemetes restart the pod when an endpoint returns an HTTP 500 on the /healthz endpoint. The service, probe-pod, should never send traffic to the pod while it is failing. Please complete the following:
* The application has an endpoint, /started, that will indicate if it can accept traffic by returning an HTTP 200. If the endpoint returns an HTTP 500, the application has not yet finished initialization.
* The application has another endpoint /healthz that will indicate if the application is still working as expected by returning an HTTP 200. If the endpoint returns an HTTP 500 the application is no longer responsive.
* Configure the probe-pod pod provided to use these endpoints
* The probes should use port 8080
- A. Solution:
In the configuration file, you can see that the Pod has a single Container. The periodSeconds field specifies that the kubelet should perform a liveness probe every 5 seconds. The initialDelaySeconds field tells the kubelet that it should wait 5 seconds before performing the first probe. To perform a probe, the kubelet executes the command cat /tmp/healthy in the target container. If the command succeeds, it returns 0, and the kubelet considers the container to be alive and healthy. If the command returns a non-zero value, the kubelet kills the container and restarts it.
When the container starts, it executes this command:
/bin/sh -c "touch /tmp/healthy; sleep 30; rm -rf /tmp/healthy; sleep 600"
For the first 30 seconds of the container's life, there is a /tmp/healthy file. So during the first 30 seconds, the command cat /tmp/healthy returns a success code. After 30 seconds, cat /tmp/healthy returns a failure code.
Create the Pod:
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/probe/exec-liveness.yaml
Within 30 seconds, view the Pod events:
kubectl describe pod liveness-exec
The output indicates that no liveness probes have failed yet:
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
24s 24s 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned liveness-exec to worker0
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulling pulling image "k8s.gcr.io/busybox"
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulled Successfully pulled image "k8s.gcr.io/busybox"
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Created Created container with docker id 86849c15382e; Security:[seccomp=unconfined]
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Started Started container with docker id 86849c15382e
After 35 seconds, view the Pod events again:
kubectl describe pod liveness-exec
At the bottom of the output, there are messages indicating that the liveness probes have failed, and the containers have been killed and recreated.
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
37s 37s 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned liveness-exec to worker0
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulling pulling image "k8s.gcr.io/busybox"
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulled Successfully pulled image "k8s.gcr.io/busybox"
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Created Created container with docker id 86849c15382e; Security:[seccomp=unconfined]
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Started Started container with docker id 86849c15382e
2s 2s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Warning Unhealthy Liveness probe failed: cat: can't open '/tmp/healthy': No such file or directory
Wait another 30 seconds, and verify that the container has been restarted:
kubectl get pod liveness-exec
The output shows that RESTARTS has been incremented:
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
liveness-exec 1/1 Running 1 1m - B. Solution:
In the configuration file, you can see that the Pod has a single Container. The periodSeconds field specifies that the kubelet should perform a liveness probe every 5 seconds. The initialDelaySeconds field tells the kubelet that it should wait 5 seconds before performing the first probe. To perform a probe, the kubelet executes the command cat /tmp/healthy in the target container. If the command succeeds, it returns 0, and the kubelet considers the container to be alive and healthy. If the command returns a non-zero value, the kubelet kills the container and restarts it.
When the container starts, it executes this command:
/bin/sh -c "touch /tmp/healthy; sleep 30; rm -rf /tmp/healthy; sleep 600"
For the first 30 seconds of the container's life, there is a /tmp/healthy file. So during the first 30 seconds, the command cat /tmp/healthy returns a success code. After 30 seconds, cat /tmp/healthy returns a failure code.
Create the Pod:
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/probe/exec-liveness.yaml
Within 30 seconds, view the Pod events:
kubectl describe pod liveness-exec
The output indicates that no liveness probes have failed yet:
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
24s 24s 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned liveness-exec to worker0
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulling pulling image "k8s.gcr.io/busybox"
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulled Successfully pulled image "k8s.gcr.io/busybox"
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Created Created container with docker id 86849c15382e; Security:[seccomp=unconfined]
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Started Started container with docker id 86849c15382e
After 35 seconds, view the Pod events again:
kubectl describe pod liveness-exec
At the bottom of the output, there are messages indicating that the liveness probes have failed, and the containers have been killed and recreated.
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
37s 37s 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned liveness-exec to worker0
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulling pulling image "k8s.gcr.io/busybox"
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulled Successfully
2s 2s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Warning Unhealthy Liveness probe failed: cat: can't open '/tmp/healthy': No such file or directory
Wait another 30 seconds, and verify that the container has been restarted:
kubectl get pod liveness-exec
The output shows that RESTARTS has been incremented:
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
liveness-exec 1/1 Running 1 1m
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 15
Exhibit:
Context
You are tasked to create a ConfigMap and consume the ConfigMap in a pod using a volume mount.
Task
Please complete the following:
* Create a ConfigMap named another-config containing the key/value pair: key4/value3
* start a pod named nginx-configmap containing a single container using the
nginx image, and mount the key you just created into the pod under directory /also/a/path
- A. Solution:
- B. Solution:
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 16
Exhibit:
Context
You are tasked to create a secret and consume the secret in a pod using environment variables as follow:
Task
* Create a secret named another-secret with a key/value pair; key1/value4
* Start an nginx pod named nginx-secret using container image nginx, and add an environment variable exposing the value of the secret key key 1, using COOL_VARIABLE as the name for the environment variable inside the pod
- A. Solution:
- B. Solution:
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 17
Exhibit:
Task
A deployment is falling on the cluster due to an incorrect image being specified. Locate the deployment, and fix the problem.
- A. Pending
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 18
Exhibit:
Context
Your application's namespace requires a specific service account to be used.
Task
Update the app-a deployment in the production namespace to run as the restrictedservice service account. The service account has already been created.
- A. Solution:
- B. Solution:
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 19
......
What is the difference between Kubernetes and Docker?
Kubernetes is an orchestrator that works with Docker containers. The main components are similar to basic Docker containers. Not difficult to use, but you can't go deep into it. Dedicated to running Docker containers. You can run your software on it, but you can't change the core of Kubernetes. The advantage is that you can use everything as-is or integrate with different cloud providers. The reason for this is that Kubernetes is more focused on operations than Docker. Provides very good support for running multi-container orchestrations. It's easy to install and configure.
You can use it on any cloud provider or locally, and it runs on different operating systems, including Windows. Knowledge of Docker commands or installation is not required. You can use it as a service from DigitalOcean. Kubernetes provides better support for your application. Users can scale up and down your infrastructure according to their needs. You can also define what containers to run on the nodes, which is not the case for Docker. CNCF CKAD Dumps is a simple way to pass this exam. You can make use of it without knowing too much about Docker or Kubernetes. The Kubernetes from Google is fully open source and free for everyone, but you need to buy a license if you want to use it on public clouds.
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